Boilers

Flow Through Pipes   Introduction of fluid Fluids are any substances that can flow. Fluids are defined as either liquids, gases, or mixtures of the two. They are tangible, take up space, and have a finite mass. They are materials that are composed of various molecules or particles. When the substance's particle's relative position with respect to time changes, they are said to be flowing. The fluids' new qualities include: ·        There are no shapes in it. ·        It takes up the shape of the pipe or vessel through which it is flowing. ·        It can swell beneath its weight. ·        It does have a mass of its own. The study of force and its effects is known as mechanics. Surface force and body force are the forces that are exerted on the fluid (Gravitational force)   Fluid flow inside pipeline A sort of flow that occurs inside a cl...

  BOILERS Introduction: A Boiler is a completely packed furnace in which fluid (mostly water) is heated at a certain temperature. Heating a fluid does not necessarily mean boiling it. And finally, the heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler to be used in various heating processes and applications such as water heating, central heating, powering the turbine for power generation, sanitation, and much more.     Figure(1): A Boiler.   Materials used for boilers:   The material used for the main part (the pressure vessel) is usually “steel or alloy steel”. Stainless steel (of crystalline structure) is used for the parts that are always wet during the heating process to avoid corrosion and to insure proper safety due to stress corrosion cracking. Also “Ferritic stainless steel (of body-centered crystal structure) is sometimes used at superheated sections that are not exposed to boiling water. Other metals such as copper and brass...